Last year’s UN climate summit in Baku, Azerbaijan, opened with the country’s president, Ilham Aliyev, calling oil — the fossil fuel that, alongside gas and coal, drives global warming — a „gift of God.”

The opening statements at this year’s COP30 climate gathering, held on the edge of the Amazon rainforest in Belem, struck a very different note. Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva gave a defiant speech, declaring it was time to confront climate change deniers.

„Climate change is no longer a threat of the future. It is a tragedy of the present,” Lula said, criticizing those who reject climate science. He stressed that the crisis is hitting hardest in developing countries and poorer communities already suffering from extreme weather.

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