Residents of Thailand face a grim reality as they enter 2025, with skies shrouded by fine dust posing a growing risk to their health.

PM2.5, or dust particles measuring less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter, can be inhaled deep into the lungs, passing into the bloodstream and lodging in other organs. Researchers have linked long-term PM2.5 exposure to premature death, with heightened risk for people with chronic heart or lung disease.

PM2.5 pollution is also associated with lung and growth problems in children.

The Disease Control Department reports that between October 1, 2023 and December 31, 2024, more than one million people in Thailand suffered health issues linked to PM2.5 pollution.

Among those issues were eye and skin irritation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and even heart attacks.

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